Pramana

There are twelve kinds of pramANa accepted by various darshanas:

1. pratyakSha
2. anumAna
3. upamAna
4. shabda/Agama
5. arthApatti
6. anupalabdhi
7. itihAsa
8. sambhava
9. aitihya
10. abhAva
11. cheShTA
12. yukti

nArayaNa summarizes the pramANas accepted by various schools in mAnameyodaya thus:

chArvAkAstAvadekaM dvitayamapi punarbauddhavaisheShikau dvau
bhAsarvaj~nashcha sA~NkhyastritayamudayanAdyashchuShkaM vadanti |
prAhuH prAbhAkarAH pa~nchakamapi cha vayaM te.api vedAntavij~nAH
ShaTkaM paurANikAstvaShTakamabhidadhire sambhavaitihyayogAt ||

chArvAka: pratyakSha
bauddha, vaisheShika: pratyakSha, anumAna
sAMkhya: pratyakSha, anumAna, shabda
nyAya, tarka: pratyakSha, anumAna, shabda, upamAna
prAbhAkara: pratyakSha, anumAna, shabda, upamAna, arthApatti
bhATTa, vedAnta: pratyakSha, anumAna, shabda, upamAna, arthApatti, anupalabdhi
paurANika: pratyakSha, anumAna, shabda, upamAna, arthApatti, anupalabdhi, sambhava, aitihya

There are other pramANas accepted by certain darshanas such as parishesha, svabhAva li~Nga etc.

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