The Ten Shaiva Darśanas

 

There seemed to be several queries from our readers which assumed śaiva darśana to be either Advaita (like in Kashmir Shaivism) or Dvaita (like in Siddhānta śaiva). This would be an opinion devoid of nuance.

Truly dualistic (dvaita) śaiva schools are: Pāśupata śaiva and Siddhānta śaiva. Lakulīśa Pāśupata can be called Dvaitādvaita. Srīkaṇṭha’s school may be called Viśiṣṭādvaita. The school propagated by Shrīpati paṇḍita through his commentaries, which is also the school of Basavanna, popularly called Vīraśaiva, is also known as śuddhādvaita, seśvarādvaita, śivādvaita or viśeṣādvaita. Then there is also the alchemical school centered around mercury and physical immortality, called the Raseśvara darśana. Roughly, all these schools may be called dualistic, some more than the others.

There are four Advaita śaiva darśanas: the first is the school propagated by Nandikeśvara, also known as Nandinātha sampradāya; the other three belong to Kashmir Shaivism: Krama, Kula, and Pratyabhijñā.

 

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